Knee arthrosis (gonarthrosis, osteoarthrosis) is a deformity and destruction of cartilage, which is accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to loss of functionality and even damage.The disease more often affects women over 40, especially predisposed to completeness.At a young age, arthrosis occurs due to injuries obtained during sports or heavy physical work.The disease can be single or bilateral if both legs are affected.It is necessary to treat completely pathology.
The reasons for the development
There are two forms of knee arthrosis, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The basic form develops in childhood and is associated with the improper formation of ligaments or joints, which are even more determined during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Injuries | Fractures, dislocations, meniscus damage.It is these factors that contribute to the development of arthrosis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, it becomes impossible to bend and bend the limb.The treatment consists in temporary fixation of the leg, which impairs the blood circulation.This is the reason for the formation of arthrosis.When meniscus is removed, diseases develop in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Increased loads | They must match the age of a person.With excessive loads, microtraumas and stretching occur, which are not always felt but cause significant harm to the condition of the joints.All movements during sports should be smooth.The knee joints are most amazed during running and squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes damage to the meniscus.In full people, the recovery of the knee becomes longer, since the extra weight of excess weight is located right on the knees.Severe form of arthrosis due to obesity occurs in connection with varicose veins |
| The weakness of the ligamentary apparatus | This condition is most often combined with the so -called mobile joints.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit on the sofa without a heat -up, which leads to a microtrauma, then to arthrosis, if there is more damage.Mobility of joints can also be associated with impaired leg sensitivity so that one does not experience pain in disability |
| Joint disease | Arthrosis is common in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of the synovial fluid in the joint cavity occurs, leading to the destruction of the tissue and arthrosis |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If tissue interference occurs, they do not receive the necessary minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency has a negative effect on cartilage.This condition also leads to the deposition of salt |
| Stress | With constant nervous stress and mood swings, the worsening of blood circulation occurs in the legs, swelling and inflammation occurs |
The disease can occur in a single (right or left -hand) or bilateral form:
- Injury is the cause of arthrosis with one arthrosis;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
Symptoms of knee arthrosis differ depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of their occurrence is described in the table:
| Symptom | Description |
| Ranking and clicking joints | This symptom often goes unnoticed, although crunching indicates the beginning of the process.To determine its presence, you must put your hand on the knee glass and slowly bend and untie your knee.The pegs or clicks feel quite easy |
| Pain | At the very beginning of degenerative changes, it is hardly noticeable and increased after static loads (weight lifting).Dynamic load, on the contrary, improves cartilage nutrition.The pain is associated with the exposure to nerve endings when wiping the cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain increases as the inflammatory process and edema occur.The development of pronounced inflammation is signaling pain that occurs even at rest |
| Hammering station | This condition usually occurs after a night's sleep and lasts for 30-60 minutes.The fibrin film is formed during the inaction of the joint and after sleep mechanically prevents its movement until it is partially deleted.The connectivity of movements that lasts for more than an hour shows another disease |
| Reducing the amplitude of movements | It manifests itself in the inability to bend the legs in the knee until the end.The patient who seeks to minimize the pain tries to move his leg less.Ligaments are regulated to a small volume of movements over time and shorten |
| Increase in the volume of the joint | It occurs due to swelling of the soft tissues that surround the joint and growth in the form of spikes on its edge, which with the progression of the disease blends into one massif |
| Jointly becomes in one position | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and with each displacement causes pain.This happens due to changes in the surface of the joint, in which the internal connections exceed the natural sills of the bones, leading to its stretching.The joint joint is fixed in a certain position and can return to the original one, which can only with the reverse ligament of the ligament.In rare cases, congestion occurs due to foreign bodies (eg parts of meniscus) in the joint precipice |
| Dislocation and subluxation | These conditions are found with advanced arthrosis.With a dislocation, the leg is shifted aside and the joint is placed is quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with partial displacement of the surface of the joint relative to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the deviation of the lower legs to the slight |
Degree and type of disease
There are 3 degrees diseases that depend on the severity of the symptoms.
First
First degree arthrosis occurs almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- Leg fatigue;
- A little pain after the this that goes to rest;
- a slight reduction in mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of a bakery cyst;
Externally, joint deformity is not noticeable.In X -rays, the disease is either not visible or small irregularities on cartilage tissue and the surface of the bone occur.Additional studies are needed without failure.
Second
The symptoms in this case will be more pronounced:
- The pain arises from the minimum load, but after rest it passes;
- There is a crunch during the movement;
- It becomes impossible to bend the legs;
- The bones of joint change;
- Synovitis progresses;
- The shape of the joint changes, which is associated with the accumulation of fluid.
In X -ray bone growth is noticeable.
Third
For 3 -degree arthrosis, the characteristics are:
- Pain that is not connected to the load (the joint is worried even at night);
- completely impaired mobility;
- Sensitivity of the joint to change in time.
Radiography shows changes in the cartilage and the surface of the joint.The curvature of the legs leads to damage.
Deformation of arthrosis (DOA) is caused by bone deposition.Most often, women with excess weight suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and crunching in the joint.Treatment should be started even at the initial stage - in this case the chance of retaining cartilage tissue is quite high.
Depending on the location, arthrosis may be:
- knee;
- hip joint (coxarthrosis);
- cervical;
- shoulder;
- Lothar;
- ankle;
- vertebrate animals.
Overall treatment
The therapy for this disease is quite long.There are 3 main stages of treatment in medicine depending on the degree of disease:
| The degree of arthrosis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1 |
|
| 2 |
|
| 3rd |
|
Medication
The drug is based on 3 groups of medicines:
- No -gossip anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Chondroprotectors.
Nsaid
This is a group of medicines that have anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug is manifested on all tissues of the body, including healthy ones.
- Selective.Act directly on the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and erosion of the stomach and 12-peremail intestines.It is also recommended to take the means to protect the mucous membranes.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not have such negative effects, so they can be used for a long time.
In order to achieve rapid relief of pain and anti -inflammatory effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDs are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroids
These drugs are prescribed if the effect of NSAIDs is insufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthrosis are only used topical - in the form of ointments or intravivory injections.Glucocorticosteroid molds cannot be used for more than 7-10 days in a row.A longer course leads to skin atrophy at the site of application.
Intracelicular injections are necessary when the painkillers and anti -inflammatory effects of NSAIDs and hormone ointment are not sufficient.
The effect of joint injections occurs quite quickly: the patient is relieved in the first half hour.The duration of injection depends on how long the medicine in the joint cavity will be.This is influenced by two factors - the volume of the medicine used and its consumption.The stronger the cartilage damage is, the more the medicine is consumed.
Chondroprotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of medicines is based on the supply of substances needed to restore it in the articular cartilage.During chondroprotectors therapy:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The therapeutic effect occurs gradually;
- It turns out that the prevention is due to the prevention of the more increasing destruction of the cartilage.
These drugs include substances that form the cartilage of the joint:
- The construction substance of cartilage, which is necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for the production of intra -articular fluid.
You need to take drugs for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy of arthrosis is a method of physical influence that has a beneficial effect on the condition of the knee joint.The main condition for achieving a positive result is the right choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is only an auxiliary tool.
The table describes the procedures used for knee arthrosis:
| Name | Effect | The duration of treatment |
| Electrophoresis using medication | Under the influence of direct electrical current, some medicines can be delivered to deep tissue of the joint.Anesthetics and chlorine drugs are most often prescribed | Half an hour each day for 2 weeks |
| Ultraphonophoresis | Using ultraviolet waves, the active substances of the drugs penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser radiation | Under the influence of the light radiation package, specific molecules are activated, contributing to the restoration of metabolic and regenerating processes in the tissue | 7-10 minutes every day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | There is a deep heating of the tissues, resulting in the formation of substances that start the reactions of recovery in the joint | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high -frequency magnetic field they occur in cells and tissues - the membranes are strengthened, the metabolic processes are normalized | On the joint - 5-8 minutes in 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (flow of cold air to -30 degrees) there is an increase in the functions of all basic systems, which stimulates tissue repair | 10 minutes of joint in 10 days |
Some methods, with improper prescription, may worsen the condition of the knee joint.
Surgery
The medical method of treatment is aimed at maximum delay at the moment when the only way of therapy is to replace the patient with artificial.Most often, such a decision is made at the last stage of arthrosis.
The main methods of surgery are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is introduced by drilling, which eliminates the growth of bones that cause pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetics.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced with artificial.Modern dentures are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of osteoarthritis exercises helps to restore joint function and strengthen.They must be done slowly so that the connections are not stretched.
Description:
- Lying on the stomach, slowly lift your legs alternation until a right corner is formed.The main focus is on the muscles of the thighs and lower legs.The back stress should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, lift straight legs up as much as possible.In this position, alternate them and breed them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone as the trained muscles of the press are needed.It is not recommended to perform it for people with high blood pressure.
- Lying on the side, bend your legs below.Lift the upper leg up and hold for a few seconds at the top point.
- Climb the socks, holding on the back of the chair.Hold on the top until you strain the leg muscles.
- Smoothly move one leg from heel to finger.The other leg is to take the opposite action - from finger to heel.
- Rinse on the back of the chair and stand on the heels, lifting socks up, gradually increasing the time.
- Standing, rubbing your legs vigorously in the direction from the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthrosis.Power adjustment is aimed at reducing body weight, reducing the inflammatory process and strengthening joint structures.
The diet should be balanced, high in vitamins and minerals.
Basic principles:
- Restriction of salt consumption (to 5-8 g per day) and any salted products (canned food, chips, salting).
- Excluding fried dishes.It is recommended that you bake food, simmer, cook or steam.
- Increasing the consumption of liquids (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to partial meals.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended that you use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- nuts;
- sunflower, olive and flaxseed oil;
- Low fat and chicken meat;
- fresh fruits and fruits;
- vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- whole grain bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folk methods
Before using any folk remedies, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| Ingredients | Application method |
| Nettle and fruit leaves for juniper in the same quantity, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Roots, flowers or branches of black elderberry |
|
| Bay leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dry mustard and honey (2 tbsp), egg |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, calendula, birdoc in equal quantities, oil jelly |
|
Knee arthrosis is a serious disease that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms occur, it is recommended that you consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations so as not to bring the disease at the last stage.